What You Need to Know

A pet microchip is a small, passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) device, roughly the size of a grain of rice. It measures approximately 12 millimeters in length and 2 millimeters in diameter. Unlike GPS trackers, a microchip contains no battery and has no internal power source. It does not track location or movement. Instead, it serves solely as a permanent form of identification.

The chip holds a unique identification number. This number is linked to your contact information in a secure registry database. When a lost pet is found and scanned by a veterinarian or shelter, the scanner reads this ID number. The staff then accesses the database to retrieve your phone number and address, helping reunite you with your pet. Without registration, the microchip is merely an unlinked serial number with little practical value for recovery.

Key Considerations

  • Standardization: Most modern veterinary clinics use ISO-compliant microchips operating at a frequency of 134.2 kHz. This is the international standard (ISO 11784/11785). Older chips may operate at different frequencies (such as 125 kHz), which some universal scanners can read, but others cannot. If you travel internationally, ensure your pet’s chip is ISO-compliant to avoid issues at border controls.
  • Implantation Location: Microchips are typically implanted subcutaneously (under the skin) between the shoulder blades. This area is chosen because it is easily accessible and minimizes the risk of migration. However, slight movement of the chip under the skin is possible, though rare. Regular check-ups allow veterinarians to verify chip placement.
  • Registration is Critical: Implanting the chip is only half the process. The owner must register the chip with a national or international database and keep contact details updated. If you move or change phone numbers, you must update the registry immediately. An outdated registry renders the microchip ineffective.
  • Misconception Alert: A microchip is not a GPS device. It cannot provide real-time location data. It only provides identity information when the pet is physically located and scanned. For tracking purposes, a separate active GPS collar tracker is required.

Practical Tips

  1. Understand the Costs: The cost of microchipping varies by region and provider. Typically, the procedure costs between $50 and $100 USD. This fee often includes the implantation service and initial registration. Some shelters offer discounted rates during adoption events. Be aware that annual database subscription fees may apply, ranging from $10 to $20 per year, depending on the registry. Many major registries, however, offer one-time lifetime registration without recurring fees, so it is worth comparing options before committing.
  2. Verify the Scan: After implantation, ask your veterinarian to scan the chip immediately to confirm it is readable and transmitting the correct ID number. Request a copy of the registration confirmation email or document. Keep this record in your personal files alongside your pet’s medical records.
  3. Regular Verification: Once a year, or after any major life change (moving, new phone number), log into your registry account to update your information. Additionally, during routine veterinary wellness exams, ask the vet to scan the chip again. This ensures the device is still functional and properly positioned.
  4. Combine with Collar Tags: While microchips are permanent, they require equipment to read. Always keep your pet wearing a breakaway collar with an ID tag displaying your current phone number. This allows anyone who finds your pet to contact you immediately without needing a scanner.
  5. Check Local Laws: Some regions have mandatory microchipping laws for dogs and cats. For example, many countries in Europe and parts of Australia require microchipping before travel or ownership. Check local regulations to ensure compliance and avoid potential fines or travel restrictions.